References

1. The Computational Beauty of Nature, by Gary William Flake.
   See also the book's homepage at
   http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/FLAOH/cbnhtml/excerpts0.html
2. A Life game simulation is at
   http://www.math.com/students/wonders/life/life.html
3. Another life game simulation is at
   http://hensel.lifepatterns.net
4. Some results from a termite simulation are at
   http://www.umcs.maine.edu/$\%$7Elarry/microworlds/termites.html
5. A termite simulation at
   http://www.permutationcity.co.uk/alife/termites.html
6. Microworlds at
   http://www.umcs.maine.edu/$\%$7Elarry/microworlds/microworld.html
7. (a) A 3D Boid simulation for Windows at
   http://www.abs2net.com/robert/3d_boids/ includes obstacle avoidance.
   (b) A visually appealing 3D applet showing how Reynolds original creations have utility in the field of computer animation is at
   http://www.ca.us.vergenet.net/ conrad/boids/
8. Fish schooling simulation at
   http://www.codepuppies.com/ steve/aqua.html
9. Links to a large collection of boid-like Applets at
   http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/applet/ .
10. Flocks, Herds and Schools, a Quantitative Theory of Flocking, by J. Toner and Y. Tu, Phys. Rev. E58, (1998) 4828.
11. Butterfly Economics, by P. Ormerod.
12. Some Observations on Interactions in Economics, by A. Kirman
    at http://www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/pub/workshop/kirman.html
13. Swarm Smarts, by E. Bonabeau and G. Theraulaz, Scientific American March 2000, p73-79. See also the article at
    http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file
    =/nature/journal/v406/n6791/abs/406039a0_fs.html
14. Some websites on ant-colonies are at
    (a) http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/ mdorigo/ACO/ACO.html and
    (b) http://alphard.ethz.ch/hafner/PPS/PPS2001/AntFarm/ant_farm.html
15. See for example
    http://www.uni-koblenz.de/ kgt/Learn/Textbook/node1.html
    and http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/1/2/4.html
16. Stockbrokers may act like sheep at
    http://www.nature.com/nsu/010104/010104-1.html
17. Transmission of Information and Herd Behaviour: An Application to Financial Markets, by V. Eguiluz and M. Zimmermann, Phys. Rev. Letts., 85, (2000), 5659.
18. Predicting the unpredictable at
    http://www.nature.com/nsu/010531/010531-2.html
19. Topology of Evolving Networks, by R. Albert and A. Barabasi, Phys. Rev. Letts. 85 (2000) 5234.
    Connectivity of Growing Random Networks, by P. Krapivsky, S. Redner and F. Leyvraz, Phys. Rev. Letts. 85 (2000) 4629.
20. Exploring Complex Networks, by S. Stogatz, Nature 410 92001) 268, at http://tanzeem.www.media.mit.edu/people/tanzeem/cohn/strogatz_nature.pdf
    Models of the Small World, a review by M. Newman at
    http://tanzeem.www.media.mit.edu/people/tanzeem/cohn/newman_smallworld_review.pdf